Calculating-machine.



No. 746,924. I PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903. 0. E. CLOUD & A; F. WOOD.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FiLED JULY 15, 1902.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

H0 MODEL.

6 Z Z 4 v INVENTOHS 0M0 ($64M 5 M WM ATTORNEY WITNQESSESI:

No. 746,924. PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903.

0. B. CLOUD & A. F. WOOD. CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15.1902.

IO IODEL. IOKHEETS-SHBET 2.

%. $46K? Man-M n'romvsr.

No. 746,924. PATENTBD DEC. 15, 1 903. 0. E. CLOUD a; A. F. WOOD.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15, 1902.

1o SHEETS-SHEET 3.

NO MODEL.

INVENTORS y fia BY 7 WITNESSES WM ATTORNEY.

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PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903. O. E. CLOUD & A. P. WOOD.

10' SHEETS-SHEET a.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15, 1902.

no KODEL.

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No. 746,924. A PATENTBD DEC. 15, 1903'. 0. E. CLOUD & A. P. WO0D.,

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15. 1902.

H0 MODEL. 10 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

WI TNESSES INVENTURS 5225/ A MW ,4 Tronusr.

PATENTED DEC. 15, 1908.

O. E. CLOUD & A. F. WOOD.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15. 1902.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

N0 MODEL.

INVENTURS 41) 6 W BY CW hm 9107$4LM AQ A l TTORNEY.

%m/WITNESSES 4 a 622% THE NORMS PETFRS No. 746,924; PATENTED DEC. 15,1903.

-0. B. CLOUD & A. F. WOOD.

. CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15, 1902.

H0 MODEL. 10 SHEETS-SHEET 8- WITNESSES: nvvsnrons 7% I W Z16 4 0&0 fm

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No. 746,924. PATBNTED DB0 15, 1903.

0. E. CLOUD & AJP. WOOD.

CALCULATING MAGHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15, 1902.

10 SHEBTSSHEBT'9.

N0 MODEL.

INVENTOHS WI TNESSES PATENTVED DEC. 15, 1903. 0. E. CLOUD & A. F. WOOD.

v CALCULATING-MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 16, 1902.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

N0 MODEL.

INVENTURS WITNESSES (if/07% i Z ATTORNEY.

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1 UNITED STATES Patented December 15, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

OTHO E. CLOUD AND ALFRED F. WOOD, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYL- VANIA,ASSIGNORS TO AMERICAN ADDOGRAPH COMPANY, A COR- PORATION OF NEWV JERSEY.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

:SPECIFIOATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 746,924, dat d De b15, 1903.

Application filed July 15,1902. Serial No. 115.711. (N model.)

f0 aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we,OTHO ECLOUD and AL- FRED F. WOOD, citizens of theUnited States, and residents of Philadelphia, in the county ofPhiladelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulCalculating- Machine, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in calculating machines, ourobjectbeing to provide improved means for recording figures or series offigures by means of a visible register and means for automaticallycomputing the sum of any desired combination of figures, the differencebetween any desired combination of figures, the result of themultiplication of one combination of figures by another or of thedivision of one combination of u res by another, means for registeringsaid result, means for alfording a visible indication of saidregistration, and meansfor printing said combinations of figures and thesum or other desired arithmetical functions of the same.

This application comprises improvements upon the structures set forth inLetters Patent-to Clifford, No. 602,154, dated April 12, 1898, and No.627,571, dated June 27, 1899,1"01 improvements in adding-machines. Weaccomplish this object by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is a plan View of our device with part ofthe casing broken away to show interiorarrangement. Fig.1 isa detail ofthe hand-crank and connecting parts. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section online 2 20f Fig. 1 Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the shaft and hub of thedial-wheel. Fig. 2 is a horizontal view of a portion of said shaft. Fig.2 is a longitudinal section of said shaft and a portion of saiddial-wheel. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of our device With the outercasing removed. Fig. 3 is a detail of a portion of the mechanism shownin Fig. 3. Fig. t is an endeleva tion showing the printing mechanism.Fig.

5 is a detail of the pawl-and-ratchet mechanism for feeding the ribbon.tudinal section on line 6 6 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a longi- Fig'. 6

is a top view of the pawl 122 shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 7 is a horizontalsection on lines 7 7 of Fig. 2 looking from below, certain parts beingomitted. Fig. 7 is a detail in side elevation of bell-crank 25. Fig. 3is asection on line 8 S of Fig. 2. of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a transversevertical section on line 10 10 of Fig. 2. Fig. 11 is a plan view of thepaper-carrying frame and adjuncts. Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section online 12 12 of Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a horizontal section on line 13 13 ofFig. 2, showing part of the driving mechanism and speed-controllertherefor. Fig. 14 is a sectional detail thereof, showing slip-ratchetconnection. Fig. 14 is a detail showing form of ratchet-face ofcooperating faces of yoke 131 and pinion 134. Fig. 15 is a sideelevation of a portion of the machine, showing the indicator used inmultiplying and dividing. Fig. 16 is a plan vievttot' said indicatorwith a perforated disk in the multiplying position. Fig. 17 is a similarview with a perforated disk in the dividing position. Fig. 18 is asimilar view with the disk and top plate removed. Fig. 19 is a similarview with escapement removed. Fig. 20 is a similar view with the camremoved, showing the spiral spring beneath. Fig. 21 is a verticalsection on lines 21 21 of Fig. 18. Fig. 22 is a vertical section onlines 22 22 of Fig. 18.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The principle of our device consists, broadly, in thecombination of aseries of sets of independently-operative keys acting in connection witha movable keyboard; a series of sliding members adapted to coperate withsaid keys to communicate movement to a registering mechanism, saidregistering mechanism including means for transferring from one elementto another certain multiples of figures, so that by the depression oractuation of keys correspond ing to the desired combination of numbersthe total or sum of said com biuation of numbers is automaticallyregistered and visually indicated bysaid mechanism.

Our invention further comprises means for cooperating with the meansabove mentioned Fig. 9 is avertical section on lines 9 9 for obtainingthe result of subtraction, multiplication, or division and indicatingsaid result upon a visual register.

Our invention also includes improved means for printing or making apermanent record of the figures or combination of figures involved insaid computations.

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 indicates the frame work of ahorizontally-movable keyboard pro vided with a series of sets of keyshaving stems vertically movable therein, said sets of keys each beingnumbered from 1 to 9, respectively, there being nine of said sets in thespecific device shown.

Referring to Fig. 2, the keys are shown as provided with stems 3.Directly beneath each set of keys is the step-bar 4, which is properlysupported and adapted to have a reciprocating horizontal movement. Themember 5 has lost-motion pivotand slot connection at 6 with member 4 andis also suitably supported by the framework of the machine to permit ofhorizontal reciprocating movement. Member 5 is provided with a series ofserrations 7, adapted to cooperate with the serrated wheel 8 tocommunicate its motion thereto. For ease of manipulation we have mountedsaid movable keyboard 1 upon ball-bearings 9, placed between thecooperating grooves 10 of the mo able keyboard and 11 of the stationaryframework of our device, as shown in Fig. 9, so as to reduce thefriction between said keyboard and the supportirig-framework. Thevertically-movable keys are maintained in normal position by the springs12. The stems 3 of said keys are provided with the projections 3 tocooperate with plate 14 to limit its upward movement and to cooperatewith the springactuated catch 115 to maintain them in the depressedposition for the purpose hereinafter described.

The step-bars 4, as shown in Fig. 2, are provided with a series of steps16, so arranged with respect to the key-stems 3 that each key of a setwhen depressed will cause a different movement of the step-bar upon thereciprocation of the keyboard, this being provided by so adjusting therespective distances between each key and its cooperating step on thestep-bar that from the key with the highest number to the one with thelowest number each key will have a proportional lost motion beforeencountering the step-bar, and will thus cause a. proportionally smallermovement on the step-bar. The serrated wheel 8 is made integral with thedialwheel 17, and the adjustment of serrations 7 of member 5 andserrations on wheel 8 is such that the maximum horizontal movement inone direction of the step-bare will cause approximately nine-twentiethsot' a revolution of the dial-wheel 17. This maximum reciprocation of thestep-bar is caused by the reciprocation of the keyboard when the upperkey, or key having upon it the numeral 9, is depressed, while the nextkey, being key with the numeral 8, willhave suliicientlostmoteases tionupon the reciprocation of the keyboard to cause the step-bar and member5 to communicate sullicient motion only to wheel 8 to cause buteight-twentieths of a revolution, and so on throughout the said keys.

The lost motion between the step-bars 4 and the rack-bars 5 has the samepurpose in this machine as in the Clifford patents, hereinbeforereferred toviz., to print the significant zeros without printing thenon-significant zeros. In order to accomplish this result we have,however, devised entirely new mechanism, which will now be described.Transversely disposed beneath the step-bars 4eisaplate 18,slidablymountedin supports 21. This bar has on its forward edge a series ofprojections 20, one projection being provided for each bar 4 andcooperating with a shoulder 28 thereon, except the bar of highestdenomination, where it is obviously unnecessary, as in this denominationit is never necessary to printazero. Said projections 20 are ofdifferent Widths, those cooperating with the units and tens bars beingthe broadestand each succeeding projection being a little narrower ingraduated ratio. The rearward edge of the bar 18 is provided with aseries of upturned projections 19, one for each step-bar 1. In thenormal position of the parts the projections 19 stand in line withnotches in the lower edge of bars 4, as shown in Fig. 2. Saidprojections 15) are spaced different dis tances from their respectivebars 4-, that cooperating with the stepbar of highest denomination beingnearest to its bar.

A bell-crank lever 25 is pivoted to the framework, as shown in Fig. 7.One arm of said bell-cran k has a projection 25, through which passes arod 25", iixed to and movable with the keyboard. Coiled about this rodon opposite sides of said projection 25 are two compression-springs 23and 2%. The other arm of the bell-crank 25 has a downwardly-projectingpin 27. The bar 26 is best shown in Fig. 3, by reference to which figureit will be seen that said bar is provided with two notches 26, throughwhich said pin 27 may pass from one side of the bar to the other. Saidbar 26 is rigidly connected with the keyboard. The construction is suchthat if any keys have been depressed and the keyboard is moved forwardas described the bar 26 will move forward, bringing the solid part ofthe bar opposite the pin 27, and thus locking the pin 27 againstmovement. As the motion is continued the spring 24 is compressed againstthe lug 25, with the result that as soon as the other notch 26 comesopposite the pin 27 the bell-crank is moved by the spring 24, carryingits longer arm to the right of the operator-that is to say, to the left,as shown in Fig. 7-and carrying with it the member 18. By this time thebarse for all banks in which keys have been depressed have been movedsufficiently to bring the notches on their under sides out of alinementwith the projections 19. As said projections are normally at differentdistances from their respective step-bars the slide 18 will be stoppedin its motion by the step-bar of highest denomination that has beenoperated. The relation between the projections 19 and 20 is such thatthis will so adjust the bar 18 that the projections 20 for all slides ofdenominations higher than any that have been operated will have movedfree of the shoulders 2.8 of their respective step-bars; but theprojections corresponding to step-bars of denominations lower than thehighest one operated will still be in position to engage theirrespective shoulders 28, in case the corresponding step-bar has not beenmoved by a depressed key. The projection 20, corresponding to the tensstep-bar, however, is so proportioned that in case no key has beendepressed except in the units-bank the zero vill nevertheless be printedin the tens-column. Connected to the keyboard is an arm 18, a shoulder18 of which contacts with the rear side of the bar 18 when the keyboardhas nearly reached the limit of its forward motion, and together with asimilar shoulder 2o on the bar 2t moves said bar in a forward directionagainst the tension of spring 18. If no key has been depressed in anybank of lower denomination than a bank in which a key has beendepressed, the projection 20 will strike the shoulder 28 of the step-barof such unoperated bank and move said step-bar forward a distancesufficient to bring the zero of this bank into printing position. Duringthis motion the rack-bar 5 of the unoperated bank is not moved onaccount of the lost-motion connection referred to. s

It will be observed by reference to Fig. 7 that the compression of thespring 24 begins some little distance before the keyboard reaches thelimit of its advancing motion, and said spring continues in a state ofcompression a corresponding distance after the keyboard begins itsreturn motion, thus holding the pin 27 on the left-hand side ofthe bar26, as seen in Fig. 7, until the notch 26 has passed said pin, when itis obviously impossible for the pin to return to the right-hand side ofsaid bar until the other notch 26 reaches the pin. Beforethis occurs theplate 25 has begun to compress the spring 23, which presses the pinagainst the solid part of the bar 26 until said second notch comesopposite said pin, when the tension of said spring 23 forces the pin 27through said notch into the position to the right of the bar, in whichposition it is shown in Fig. 7. This is the normal position of theparts, and in this position the spring 23 is under compression, holdingthe lever 25 and pin 27 in the position shown. This compression is notrelieved until in the course of the advance movement of the keyboard atthe next operation of the machine the notch 26 has been removed from thepin 27 and the solid part of bar 26 is opposite said pin. The pin 27passes through a slot in bar 18, as shown in Figs. 3 and 7,

and thus moves said bar longitudinally, as described.

In the forward movement of the keyboard the projection 30 encountersspring 31 and stores up power in the same. The bar 2, (see Fig. 6,)which is also connected with the keyboard, carries the projection 33beneath projections 34, which is secured to the end of the member 35,which is pivotally secured to the frame at 36. The parts from 34 to 35are in duplicate, said members 35 being secured to each side of theframework and being connected by a cross-piece 37 and a bar 38. Uponcross-piece 37 are supported the rack members 5, said cross-piecepassing through the openings 39 of said members 5. At the end of themovement of the keyboard in the forward position projection 33 passesbeyond projection 34, permitting member 35, which is connected by arm40, which is now under the pressure of spring 3i, to respond to thepressure of the spring 3i and drop down, causing the disengagement ofthe serrations 7 from the serrated wheel 8. The member 41 is pivoted tothe member 35 and also to the member 42, which in turn is pivoted to theframework of the device at 43. The member 44 is mounted on a shaft 45,having pivoted to one of its free ends the serrated member 46. Serratedmember 46 has its free end projecting in the slot of the free end ofmember 42, so that when 35 is depressed by the action of spring 31 itcauses the consequent downward movement of 42, carrying with it themember 46 to engage its serrations with the serrated wheel 8. Pivotallysecured tothe other end of member 44 is the catch 47. The spring 49 isconnected between said members 44 and 47, and catch 47 is normally inengagement with the crossbar48, holding members 44 and 47 fixed, whilemember 46 has only a pivotal and downward movement upon each oscillationof the keyboard.

in the return movement of the keyboard to the initial position theprojection 30 encounters spring 52 and compresses the same until theprojection 33 has passed over and beyond the projection 34, whereuponthe lever will respond to the pressure of spring 52, causing the upwardmovementof member 35 and the disengagement of ratchet member 46 andreengagement of member 47.

it is obvious that the register itself could be moved up and down toeffect the engagement and disengagement of the rack and pinion, thisbeing a very common arrangement in this art.

Dial-wheels, (Figs. 1 and 2.)-The dialwheels 17 are mounted upon a fixedshaft and are provided with hubs 17 for bearings as well as securing theproper relative spacing of said wheels across the machine. Thedial-wheels are provided with pinions 8,which after the properadjustment has been made between the teeth of said pinions and thenumeral marked on the dial are secured ITS firmly to said wheels. Wheel17 is also provided with a peripheral dial of sufficient width to holdtwoparallel peripheral rows of figures, one row being printed in blackand the other in red for the purpose hereinafter to be described, andeach row containing two sets of numerals from 1 to O, or in all twentynumerals, or upon the entire wheel forty numerals, the numerals in redbeing so disposed with respect to the numerals in black that they willincreasethat is, read from 1 to O in the opposite direction from thoseof the black and the red 9 will be in alinement with the black zero,while the black zero will be in alinement with the red 9, and so on. Onthe opposite sides of the dial-wheels from the pinion 8 are the two pins50 and 51, diametrically opposite each other upon a line passing throughthe axis of the wheel, said pins being adapted to operate thetransferring mechanism hereinafter described.

The shaft of the dial-wheels is channeled, as shown in Figs. 2 and 2 andalso provided with the circular recesses 60. In the channel are locatedthe members 60", corresponding as to their longitudinal extensions withthe sides of the hubs 17 of the dial-wheels respectively within whichthey are located. Beneath these members 60, in the circular recesses 60are placed the com pressionsprings 60", which serve to press the members60 against the surrounding hubs of the dial-wheels 1'7, which yieldingpressure, while permitting a free movement of the dialwheels whenactuated by the mechanism provided therefor, serves to preventindependent movements or spinning of the dial-wheels.

1n the top of the casing is the row of apertures 229, extending acrossthe machine and over the nine dial-wheels. These apertures 229 areapproximately square and outline the pairs of numerals black and red oneach dial. Beneath this row of apertures 229 is a sliding plate 228,having a row of nine apertures of corresponding dimension with that ofapertures 229 as to their longitudinal extension, but of one-half of thelateral extension of apertures 229. This sliding member 228 has amovement equal to the lateral dimension of its apertures and is sodisposed with respect to the apertures 229 that a movement in onedirectionsay to the left, as shown in Fig. 1causes the exposure of theblack numerals upon dial-wheels, while the movement of the slidingmember in the opposite direction causes the exposure of the red numeralsonly, for the purpose hereinafter to be described. The movement of thesliding memher is caused by the movement of the knurled knob 226laterally in slot 225.

Carry-mg mechcmism,(Fi The pins 50 and 5], above mentioned, on thedial-wheels are adapted to engage the catches L7, operating the serratedmember 46 of the next higher dial-plate, so that upon the movement ofany ures one of said pins encounters the catch 47, pressing it downwardfree from cross member 48, whereupon the upper part of member 44,responding to the spring 49, throws the serrated member 46 forward whileout of engagement with the pinion 8, so that upon the complete forwardmovement of the keyboard when the member 35 descends, causing theengagement of serrated member 46 with pinion 8, it is in this advancedposition, and upon the return of the keyboard to the initial position,the lever 53, carrying a connecting bar 54 across the entire series ofmembers 44, is actuated to bring the serrated member back to its normalposition before its disengagement with pinion 8, thus causing theadvancement one point of the dial-wheel, which, as before indicated, isthe dial-wheel just above the wheel operated. Thus every time anydial-wheel is operated ten points it communicates one point to thedial-wheel next above it in order. The connecting-bar 54:, which iscarried on the levers 53, which is actuated to bring the serrated memberback to the nor mal or initial position, is also limited in its movementin the opposite direction by the cross-piece 48 and serves to limit theforward movement of the serrated member 46, so that it cannot beadvanced more than one tooth.

Lever 53 is pivoted to the framework at 55 and carries at its lower freeend the pawl 56, pivoted at 57 and controlled by spring 58, which servesthe double purpose of keeping the lower end of the pawl down and thelower end of member53 advanced. By advanced we mean in a position awayfrom the operator. iVhen the parts are in their normal positions, asshown in Fig. 6, the pawl 56 rests on lug 34, which, as has been stated,is rigid on frame 35. Just back of lug 3% is a stud 59, projectinginward under pawl 56 from arm 32. When the keyboard advances, flange 33moves under lug 84; and pin 59 advances with arm 32 to a position somedistance in advance of the end of pawl 56. When the keyboard reaches itsmost advanced position, frame 35 drops, lug 3% moving to a positionlower than flange 83. As the keyboard returns flange moves above lug-34, holding the same down, thus permitting pawl 56 to drop until itsright-hand end, as seen in Fig. 6, is in the path of stud 59, whichstrikes said end of said pawl and moves the same, thus swinging arm 55and actuating the transfor devices. When the keyboard reaches its normalposition, lug 34 escapes past the end of flange 33 and is thrown up withframe 35 by the spring 52, which is now under compression. and moves itout of engagement with stud 59, whereupon pawl 56 and arm 53 arerestored to their normal position (shown in Fig. 6) by the spring 58.When pawl 50 is moved toward the operator by stud 59, the bar 5% pushesback any levers it which have been tripped, thus moving the serratedmembers dial-plate one-half of a revolution of ten figl 46 to effect thetransfer and permitting the IIO As lug 3 L rises it strikes pawl 56recess latches 47 to catch under bar 48 and hold the parts in normalposition.

The catch 47 is of such a length that if the pin 50 moves only from 9 toO the pin will hold the catch in its depressed position. This is whatoccurs when in the act of transferring a 9 is changed to 0. Then thisoccurs, the addition is not complete, because it is still necessary totransfer to the next higher Wheel the unit indicated by the passage ofthe former wheel from to 0. In order to prevent the operator fromreading the register at such a time, we have provided an authenticatingand capacity lever. (Best shown in Fig. 6'.) This device forauthenticating, as it were, correctness of the addition consists ofashield 62, pivoted to shaft by arms 61. This dial-lever 61 is providedwith counterweighted arm 63, having a pin-andslot connection with themembers 64, which is pivoted to the framework at 65 and which carriesthe crossbar 66. When the catches 47 are all in engagement with thecross-bar 48, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the members 61, 63, and 64 willbe normally held in the position shown in Fig. 6, with the shield 62 inthe open position. Upon the operation of any of the transferring devicescausing the disengagement of 47 from 48 and the forward movement of theupper part of lever 44 the lower part of said lever 44 Will encounterthe cross-bar 66 of member 64, causing its rearward movement and theconsequent forward movement of the shield 62 to cover the numerals onthe dial-plates. This shield o'r shutter 62 will obviously be kept inthe closed position or position of obscuring the dialplates until allthe transfer mechanisms which have been engaged are returned to thenormal position, in which 47 is again in engagement with 48 and crossbar66 is permitted to remain in the position shown in Fig. 6. The knurledknob 231 is connected with the shutter mechanism for manual operation byreturning shutter or shield to normal position.

In case the wheel stands at 9, and this is changed to zero by transferfrom a lower wheel, the catch 47 of the higher wheel will be held downby the pin 50 until the bar 54 returns to normal position and the bar 46has been lifted out of engagement with the pinion 8. The lever 44 willthen be oscillated, pushing the bar 46 rearward one space and throughthe bar 66, causing the shield 62 to move over the register-wheel and0bscure the indication. This will signify to the operator that there isan uncompleted addi tion and that the lever must be operated again inorder to effect the transfer.

By return movement of the keyboard is meant its movement from theforward to the normal or initial position before the same is operated,and upon every return movement of the keyboard the pawl'56 and lever 53,to which it is secured, are operated in the manner above described,irrespective of whether or not any of the transfer mechanisms have beenoperated.

The mechanism for reciprocating the keyboard may be described asfollows: As above described, the keyboard is supported by means ofantifriction ball-bearings 9, operating between grooves 10, seated inprojections from the sides of the keyboard, and grooves 11, located inthe cooperating projections of the framework or case, as shown in Fig.9. Secured to the lower part of the keyboard is the member 68, having adownward extension 69, provided with the vertical slot 70. Mounted onthe shaft 71 is the crank 72, which has operative connection with themember 69 by the sliding box 73, working in slot 70. Said shaft 71 issupported on lugs or projections 75, extending from the front plate.Also mounted upon shaft 71 is a gearwheel 76. Suitably mounted on a studsecured to the side frame is the gear-wheel 77, meshing with gear-wheel76, and suitably mounted above said wheel 76 is the gearwheel 78. Saidgear- Wheel 78 is rigidly mounted on the shaft 79, which is rotatablyjournaled through the side of the casing, and the boss 80, extendingtherefrom, and is provided with the manually-operative crank 81. Theserrations of the gear-wheels 76, 77, and 78 are of equal ratio. Theintermediate wheel 77 is for communicating movement from 78 to 76 andpermits the disposition of 78 so as to allow clearance for thehand-crank, the train of gears being in the same ratio. It will now beseen that by the turning of the hand-crank motion is communicated to andthrough crank 72, operating through the sliding box 73 in the slot ofprojection 69 of member 68, causes the forward and backward movement ofthe keyboard. A full rotation or turn of the hand-crank is necessary fora complete reciprocation of the keyboard. The great advantage of thismeans of reciprocating the keyboardnamely, the sliding-box mechanism(commonly called the El icson sliding box)is that it insures a gradualinitial and final movement in each direction of the keyboard as compared with the intermediate part of said movement-that is, while themajor portion of the movement of thekeyboard in either direction maybevery rapid, the end of the forward stroke, the reversal of direction,and the initial part of the return stroke of the keyboard iscomparatively slower, smooth, and without shock to the machine, which ina device of this class is most important. Seated in the boss 80 we haveprovided the spring-actuated catch 82, (see Figs. 1 and i,) adapted tocooperate with the serrations or face-ratchet 83 in the hand-cram k topermit the turning of the hand-crank normally in one direction only toinsure getting the full stroke of the keyboard. The pawl and ratchetdescribed are to prevent the operator from turning the handle backwardat any time, so that after the handle has been started fromnormalposition the keyboard must be given a complete reciprocation forward andback in order to get the handle to normal position again. Thisspring-actuated catch 82 is provided with the thumb-piece or projection84, so that the catch may be readily pushed back out of engagement withthe serrations in the crank in case it is desirable or necessary to turnthe crank in the opposite direction.

We provide the following mechanism for taking up the lost motion inslot-and-pin connection 6. The cam 1 is pivotally secured to thestep-bar 4: under restraining pressure of friction-spring 1 This cam 4ais provided with a notch 4 The lever r is pivoted to the step-bar,having its free end pivotally secured at 1 to one end of theconnecting-rod 5 the other end of which is pivotally secured to theratchet-bar 5 at 5 The lever 1 has a projection adapted to engage withthe notch 4 Upon the forward movement of the step-bar 4 the cam 1 isrotated over the cross-bar a causing the withdrawal ofprojection 1 fromthe notch 4. This causes the movement of the lever 4 in the directionaway from the cam 1, which, by cause of its connection with ratchetmember 5 through rod 5, prevents any forward movement of ratchet member5 until the pin of slot-and-pin connection 6 has reached the other endof said slot.

Printing mechanism, (Figs. 2 and 7 .)The type-bars 85 are connected withthe step-bars at by the angle-bars or offset connections 86, saidconnection between the ang1e-bar86 and the type-bar 85 being a pivotalconnection at 87, said type-bar being provided on the lower side of itsfree end with the series of numerals or characters corresponding to thenumerals or characters upon the dial-wheel operated by the samestep-bar. In the free end of the type-bar 85 is the slot 88, in whichoperates the cross-bar 89, which is carried at one of its free ends by apair of bell-cranks 90, pivotally secured at 91 to lugs connected withthe framework of the case. At. the other respective free ends of thebell-cranks is secured the cross-bar 92, which is connected by thespring 93 to the lug 94, secured to the framework or case. The operationof said spring 93 is to counterbalance the type-bar 85. By interposingthe coil-springs 85, as shown in Fig. at, slight friction is providedbetween the bars and the springs to prevent their undue free play.Mounted on a cross-shaft secured to the framework of the device is thecatch 95, Fig. 3, which is adapted to engage the vertically-disposedlever 96, which is pivoted to the framework at 97. The rod 99 is securedat one end to the side plate 98 of the key-box, havingits other endmovable through the flange 100 of lever 96, having a head 101 at itsfree end. Rod 99 is also provided with a spring 102, which operatesbetween the shoulder 103 and washer 104, which is movable upon said rod.Upon the forward movement of the keyboard the washer 10a vaaoae comes incontact with the projection 100 of lever 96, after which the compressionof spring 102 begins. Upon the shoulder 103 is also provided theprojection 105. Connected with the catch 95 is the projection 106. Uponthe forward movement of the carriage and after spring 102 has begun tobe compressed the projection 105 encounters projection 106 of catch 95to cause the release of lever 96, so that the same will respond to thepressure of spring 102.

Lever 96 is connected by bar 107 with the f-shaped lever 105, which isrigidly mounted on rotatable shaft 91, which also carries thebell-cranks 90. The movement of lever 96 in response to spring 102 iscommunicated through the T-lever 108 and shaft 91 to the bell-crank 90to cause the downward blow of the type-bar. The return of the keyboardto the initial position brings the flanged head 101 of the bar 99against the flange 100 of lever 96 to return the lever to the verticalposition and in engagement with the catch 95, which causes the rising ofthe type-bars for the next stroke.

Shaft 109 has a rotary movement in the framework of the machine. (SeeFig. 3.) The catch 95 is loosely journaled on said shaft and has a freerotary movement on said shaft. Loosely journaled on the same shaft andlying beside catch 95 is the catch 110, which is adapted also to engagewith the flange 100 of lever 96. Catch 110 has rigidly secured to it thehub 111, which is loosely journaled on the shaft. This hub is providedwith a slot 112, through which projects the pin 113 from shaft 109. Thisslot or aperture 112 is of such dimension as to permit the rotarymovement of the shaft to be slightly under half a revolution. Secured tothe outer end of the shaft 109 and rigid therewith is the ball-lever114, the purpose of which is to throw the catch 110 into and out ofengagement with the flange 100 of lever 96 in the following way:

When the lever is in the position pointing toward the keyboard, as shownin Fig. 3, the pin 113 is engaging with the hub 111 on the lefthandextension of aperture ll2,and thereby causing the lifting of lever 110out of engagement with the flange 100 of lever 96, said ball memberbeing held in approximately a horizontal position by the engagement ofcatch 110 against the projection of the frame. When, however, theball-lever is thrown into the opposite horizontal position-that is,pointing away from the keyboard end of the machine-the pin 113 has comein contact with the hub at the other extension of the recess 112 andcauses the depression of catch 110 to engage with flange 100 of lever96. WV hen the catch 110 is held in the position last described-that is,in engagement with lever 96-said lever will be unable to respond to theaction of spring 102 when catch 95 is raised, and thus the operation ofprinting is prevented. \Vhen, however, the ball-lever when catch israised out of engagement with flange to permit the printing operationabove described. It will thus be seen that depending upon the positionof the balllever it is possible to operate the machine with or withouthaving the type-bars operated, as may he desired.

Ifcyboctrd, (Figs. 1, 2, 8, and 9.)-The keyboard is provided with aseries of of keys mounted upon the stems 3. These stems 3 projectthrough apertures in three horizontal partitions, one above the other.The upper partition serves to encounter the under side of the key andlimit its downward movement. The middle partition is composed of twomembers or plates having corresponding apertures for the insertiontherethrough of the stems 3, after which the lower plate is shifted, soas to cooperate with the upper plate in leaving only an aperture for thesquare or smaller portion of the stem, thereby locking the stem, so thatonly its square portion will be movable through the plates. Theprojection 3 serves to engage with the plate 1% to limit the upwardmovement of the keys and also when depressed cooperates with thespring-actuated catch-bar to hold the key in the depressed positionuntil released. The lower partition serves as an additional guide forthe stems 3. The spring-actuated members 115 are pivoted at 116 to theframework and are controlled by springs 117. Each member 115 is adaptedto cooperate with a whole set of keys. It will be seen that where thewrong key has been depressed and caught by catch 115 by depressing theproper key in the same set the catch will be operated to automaticallyrelease the wrong key in the same set. The release or locking bar 118has a longitudinal movement across the keyboard, being supported inslots in the frame of the said keyboard at either side. This member isprovided with evenly-disposed lugs 119, which are adapted to encounterthe springactuated catches or looking members 115 to cause them torelease the keys by the shifting of said member118. This member 118 isadapted to operate all of the locking members 115 at the same time, thusreleasing all the keys that may be depressed. Said member 118 ismanually operated by the spring-controlled push-rod'9 when the keyboardis in the initial position. After the necessary or desired number ofkeys are depressed and the keyboard is moved forward the end of therelease-bar 118 encounters incline wall120 of the recess 121, into whichthe releaserod normally projects. This incline causes the shifting tothe left of member 118, causing the lugs 119 to be carried over againstthe locking members 115 to prevent the movement of the same while saidbar 118 is in said position.

The purpose of this is to pre vent the depression or operation of anykey after beginning the forward or registering stroke of the keyboard.Upon the return of the keyboard the opposite or left-hand extremity ofthe releasing-bar 118 comes in contact with the pawl 122, (see Fig. 6,)the camface 123 of said bar 118 cooperating with the pawl to cause thesliding movement of the bar from the left to the right, causing the lugs119 to engage the catches or looking members 115 to cause the release ofall the keys.

It will be noticed that pawl 122, as shown in Fig. 6, is pivoted at 124:and has upon its left hand a fixed projection of the frame. Thisarrangement, it will be seen, permits the movement of the keyboard inthe forward or registering direction with the releasing memberprojecting against the pawl. Said registering member, held in the lockedposition, as above described, will simply push the pawl away and rideunder it, while in the return movement of the keyboard the looking orreleasing member 118 encounters the pawl, which is held rigid by theprojection 125 and is thereby caused to shift to the right or releasingposition. It may be noted here that this is the normal action of thepawl in the ordinary process of addition. ever, othercomputations are tobe made in connection with the indicator, hereinafter to be described,the pawl has an additional function therewith.

Governor, (Figs. 13, 1 1, and 14 .)ln case it should be desirable toprovide an automatic speed-governing mechanism in connection with thereciprocation of the keyboard we have provided the following device:Secured to the lower part of the side frames is the cross member 126.Upon this is mounted the shaft 127, suitablyjournaled at 128 and passingthrough the quill 130, which is journaled at 129. Secured at one end ofthe quill is the yoke 131 for carrying the ends of the toggle-levers 132and This yoke is provided on its inner face with a ratchet, asshown inFig. 1b. Mounted also upon the quill is the pinion 13e,which hasacooperating ratchet carrying alsoa face-ratchet to cooperate with yoke131. Within a recess of the pinion 134 is the spring 135 for normallymaintaining the ratchet in engagement. Secured between thetoggle levers132, 132", 133, and 133 are the weights 136. The other extremities ofthe toggles 133 and 133 are secured to a yoke 137, which is rigid withthe rotating shaft- 127. The spring 140, surrounding shaft 127 andbearing between the yoke 137 and the yoke 131, is adapted to maintainthe yoke 137 in the normal position, as shown in Fig. 14. Secured to andmovable with the keyboard is the rack 138, which is adapted to cooperatewith the pinion 131, and also secured to and movable with the keyboardis the lock-bar or notch-bar 139. The said rack 138 and thelock-bar139,which are secured tothekeyboard and movable therewith, aresuitably sup- When, howported, guided, and separated by lugs orprojections secured to the cross-piece 126. The operation of thekeyboard will consequently cause the rotation of the pinion, which movestherewith and which is meshed with the rack, and will thereby cause theconsequent rotation of the weighted toggles which act on the well-knownprinciple of the fly-ball governor, the adjustment of which is regulatedby the tension of spring 140. The connection between the pinion and thefly-ball mechanism is maintained by the spring pressed ratchet-faces inpinion 184 and yoke 131, said ratchet being a one-direction clutch soarranged that upon the forward movement of the carriage there is apositive connection between the pinion and the fly-ball mechanism. Uponthe return of the carriage and the consequent opposite-directionalmovement of the pinion the fiy-ball mechanism is permitted to continueits original direction of movement, there being a free disengagement ofsaid ratchetfaces.

It is obvious that upon a maximum or abnormal speed of reciprocation ofthe carriage a consequent speed is communicated to the fly-ballmechanism to cause the centrifugal movement of the same and theconsequent shifting of the yoke 137, which causes the shaft 127 toproject through the quill into one of the notches 141 of the lock-bar139, which arrests said reciprocating movement of the keyboard.

It is obvious that upon the arrest of the movement of the keyboard thefly'balls will almost instantly resume their normal position and releasethe shaft 127 from engagement with one of the notches 141, and so permitthe reciprocation of the keyboard to con tinue.

The adjustment of this governor device will depend upon the force ofspring element 140, and by experimentation may no a certained thespring-power necessary to resist the outward movement of the fly-ballssufficiently to cause the engagement of shaft 127 with the lock-bar 139for all normal speeds of reciprocation of the keyboard.

Totalleuer, (Fig. 2.)1n the above description we have shown themechanism for indicating on the dial-wheels the numerals correspondingto the keys depressed and for carrying from one diahwheel to another themultiples of ten. We have also described and shown the mechanism foroperating the type-bars for printing in accordance with the keysdepressed. The following mechanism is provided forprintingthetotals andsubtotals of all the keys depressed. in printing the total we depressthe keys corresponding to the numerals shown on the dials. l-Ve thenpress the lever 143, which is marked Totallever and which is pivoted tothe framework at 144 and has a forked engagement with the cross-bar3S,which is secured to the levers 35. By pressing outwardly ordownwardly this total-lever the levers 35 are operated to disengage therack member? from the pinion 8 and cause the engagement of rack member46 with pinion 8. The keyboard is then pushed or moved forward. The rack7 being out of engagement with the pinion 8, it is therefore obviousthat no movement takes place of the dial-plates in this operation. Atthe end of the extreme forward movement of the key board the type-bars,having been lined to correspond with the keys depressed, are operated toprint the number indicated upon the keyboard. The total-lever is thenraised or pulled back to its original position, which causes the meshingof rack 7 with the pinions and the disengagement with rack member 46.The return movement of the keyboard then returns the dials to Zero.

Where it is desirable to print a subtotal, the keys are depressed, asabove described, and the total-lever 143 is operated as to hold theratchet 7 out of engagement with gear wheel or pinion S in both theforward and backward movements of the carriage, permitting only theaction of the printing mechanism.

Indicating device for nmZtrpZg mg and dit't'dt'ng, (Figs. 15 to 22,inclusive.)-Sccured to the outside cover of the machine, as shown inFig. 15, is provided the indicating device, which. consists of thefollowing mechanism: 146 is the inclosing framework or case, withinwhich is mounted a rotatable shaft 147, carrying rigid therewith the cam148 (shown in detail in Fig. 19) and the ratchet 14$). (Shown in 18 and21.) The cam and ratchet are located within the casing 146. The top faceof the casing 146 is provided with two sets of oircularly-disposednumerals running from 1 to in opposite directions, said sets beingconcentric one line within the other, the O of the inner set being inradial alinement with the 9 of the outer set, while the 9 of the innerset is in radial aliuement with the O of the outer set. Superimposedupon this top plate of the casing 146 and the sets of numerals justdescribed is the rotatablc disk 150, provided with two series of tencircularly-disposed perforations, said series being concentric and onesurrounded by the other, each set of said perforations being arranged tocorrespond with its respective set of numerals, but so that when thedisk is rotated to one position it will display one set of numeralsonly, while the other remains covered, and when rotated to the oppositeposition it will cover the former set and expose to view the latter.Upon the shaft 147 and rigidly secured thereto is the pointer 151, aapted to be rotated with the shaft 147 and to lie above the perforateddisk 150, so that it may be made to point to any required numeral of theexposed set of the two coucentric sets above described. To the lower endof the shaft 147 is secured the spiral spring 152, the other end ofwhich being socured to a pin 153, projecting from the casing 146.Journaled in the boss 154 of the casing 146 is the depressible shaft155, having a spring 156 acting between the boss and a head, said springbeing secured firmly at one end to the boss and at the other end to thehead and serving the double function of maintaining the shaft in normalor elevated position and also maintaining by torsional action theinitial or starting position of the escapement-lever 157 which issecured to the lower extremity of the shaft 155, the escapement-lever157 being within the case 146, having its free end or tail projectingthrough the frame and outside cover of the machine, so that its freeextremity will engage with the spring-pressed projection 158, (see Fig.18,) which extends outwardly through the framework of the keyboard.Beneath the cam 148 is the shifting bar 156, which projects throughslots on either side of the casing 146, which serves to guide the same.This shifting bar 156 is provided with the two pins 159 and 160 and alug 161, connected with one end of the spring 162,the other end of whichis connected with the framework of the casing at 163. The cam 148, whichis rigidly secured to the rotating shaft 147, is provided with the notch168 and upon its under side with the knockout-arm 167.

By rotating to the right the shaft 147 by means of the thumb-piece 169the spiral spring 152 is wound up and is held in said wound position bythe escapement-lever engagement with ratchet 149. Said rotation of shaft147 also causes the rotation of cam 148 in the direction of the arrowshown in Fig. 19, which causes the long side of the camnotch 168 toengage the pin 160 on shifting bar 156 to cause the movement of theshifting bar against the tension of spring 162 to the position in whichthe shoulder 170 shall pass the wall of the casing 146 and lock withinthe same. By the operation of the escapement-lever in the mannerhereinafter described the rotatable shaft 147 is permitted to move inthe opposite position-that is, in the direction of unwinding the spiralspring 152causing the similar rotation of cam 148, in which rotationwhen the knockout pin 167 encounters the pin 159 on the shifting bar 156the shoulder 170 is disengaged from the wall of the casing 146, and saidshifting bar is permitted to respond to the tension of spring 162 toreturn to the original position, as shown in Fig. 19. The escapement 157may be instantly and entirely disengaged from the ratchetwheel 149 bythe depression of the shaft 155 to permit the ratchet to return to itsoriginal position. Upon withdrawing pressure from said shaft the saidratchet will return to engagement with the ratchet-wheel 149, suitablemeans, such as pin 157", being provided to guide said ratchet into saidengagement against the torsional action of the spring 152. Attached at171 to one end of the shifting bar 156 (see Figs. 1 and 15) is theconnecting-rod 172, which is pivotally secured at the other end at 173to the crank 174, which is mounted on shaft 124, to the other end ofwhich shaft and within the framework of the machine is the pawl 122,(see Fig. 6,) hereinabove described. The purpose of this connectionbetween the shifting bar and the pawl 122 is that when the indicator isset-that is, when the rotatable rod or shaft 147 is wound up orpartially wound up against the tension of spiral spring 152tl1e shiftingor ship bar 156 is held in such position as to maintain the pawlraised,so that it will not operate the releasing-bar 123 until therequired number of reciprocations of the keyboard as set by theindicator are made to cause a sufficient escapement motion to releasethe shifting bar, it being noted thatevery reciprocation of the keyboardcauses the engagement of pin 158, carried by same, with the tail of theescapementlever 157, which causes the consequent onetooth movement ofratchet-wheel 149 as long as the spring is under tension.

Automatic ribbon feed and reverse in connection with printing mechanism,(Figs. 4 and 5.)-Referring to Fig. 4, the spools 175 and 176 arerotatably mounted on the rear part of the casing. Upon these spools areWound the opposite ends of a printing-ribbon 1.80. The tension-springs178 and 179 are adapted to press against the face of said spools. Keyedto these spools and rotatable therewith are the ratchet-wheels 181 and182. Connected with the T-lever 108 is the connecting-rod 183, which ispivotally connected atits other end with the rocking plate 184. Thisrocking plate 184 has a pivotal movement upon the axis of the spool 176.The rod 186 is pivotally connected between the rocking memher 184 andthe rocking member 187, which has a rotating movement upon the axis ofspool 175. Upon each of the rocking plates 184 and 187 are thespring-pressed pawls 188 and 189, adapted to engage with the ratchets181 and 182. Slidingly mounted upon the screws 190, secured to thecasing, is the member 191, having curved ends adapted to engage with thepins 192 and 193, projecting from pawls 188 and 189, respectively.Pivotally secured to the casing at 194 is the rocking lever 195, havingits lower end pivotally connected at 196 with member 191. The upper endof rocking lever isapertured to accommodate shaft 197, while the topextension of same is provided with faces adapted to engage withoppositely-disposed catches 198 and 199, said faces being tangent totheir respective catches in the extreme positions of reciprocation ofthe rocking lever 195. The reciprocating shaft 197 is slidingly mountedon the projections 200. Said shaft 197 is provided at each extremitywith the rolls 201 and 202 and also the collars 203 and 204, rigidlysecured to said shaft, and between said collars 203 and 204 are theloosely-mounted compression-springs 205 and 206, which operate betweensaid collars 203 and 204 and the upper extension of the rockinglever195.The catches 198 and 199 are mounted to the framework at 207 and 208 andare adapted to engage with the oppositely-disposed faces of the rockingmemher 195. The pin 209 is adapted to limit the upward movement of thecatches 198 and 199 to prevent them tumbling clear over. The saidcatches are provided at their lower rear ends with projections 210 and211.

The operation of the device is as follows: The rocking of lever 108,above described in connection with the printing operation, communicatesthrough lever 183 movement to the rocking plate 184 and through lever186 to rocking plate 187, so that with each oscillation of said T member108 there is the consequent movement of the plates 184 and 187. Thesliding member 191, the curved ends of which are adapted to encounterthe pins 193 and 192 of the pawls 188 and 189, is so adjusted that inone position it will maintain pawl 188 out of engagement with ratchet181, while it permits pawl 189 to engage with ratchet 182, this beingthe position shown in Fig. 5. In this position the oscillation of therocking plates 184 and 187 causes the actuation of ratchet 192 throughpawl 189 to cause the winding of the ribbon 180 in the direction of thearrow shown in Fig. 4 when the ribbon has become wound upon spool 175 toa sufficient diameter, so that the circumference of its body will bearagainst roll 201 sufficient to shift the rod 197 toward roller 176,causing the pressure of shoulder 203 to press spring 205 against therocking lever 195, which is held in engagement with catch 198 until theshoulder 203 encounters the projection 210 of catch 198 to cause therelease of rocking member 195, which responds to the pressure of thecompressed spring 205, causing the shifting of member 191 so that thesame will impinge 193 to throw pawl 199 out of engagement with ratchet182 and will withdraw its engagement from pin 192 to permit pawl 198 toengage with ratchet 181, so that the oscillation of the rocking plates184 will now cause the movement of roller 176 to shift the winding ofthe ribbon from roller 175 to roller 176 in a direction opposite to thatindicated by the arrow in Fig. 4. Thus it will be seen that an automaticshifting of direction of ribbon-feed is accomplished by the ribbon andits bearing against rollers 201 and 202, respectively, when a sufficientamount becomes stored upon the respective spools and a constant motionof the ribbon is maintained by each printing operation of the type-bars.

Paper-feed, (Figs. 11 and l2.)By the same rocking movement of T-lever108 motion is communicated through the pawl 102, which cooperates withthe ratchet 213 on the shaft 214, which carries a roller 215, which isadapted to cooperate with the spring-compressed tension-roller216,between which and roller 215 the paper is fed around and over roller215,being suitably guided in the proper position to receive the impact ofthe typebars through the ribbon 180. Shaft 214 is also provided with theknurled knob for the manual operation of the roller 215. Mounted onsuitable framework in front of the roller or beyond the roller 215 isthe toothed or serrated bar 218 for facilitating the separation of theportion of the paper printed, and a suitable shield 219 is also providedbeyond the toothed bar for throwing up or directing upwardly the paper,so that it may clear the roll and be accessible.

The operation of our device is as follows: First, before beginning tooperate the device if there are any figures visible on the dialwheelother than zero they should all be brought to zero in the followingmanner: As to the black numerals, throwing the ball-lever 114 into theposition in which the machine will not print and bringing the handlever81 into the lower vertical position, the keys corresponding with thefigures other than zero shown on the dial-wheels should be depressed.The total-lever 143 is then depressed or pushed in the direction awayfrom the keyboard. The hand-lever 81 is then given a half-revolutionthatis, from the lower vertical to the upper vertical position. The lever143 is then pulled upward to the limit of its movement toward thekeyboard and the revolution of hand-lever 81 is completed, or, withrespect to the red numerals, on the dial-wheels the keys are depressedcorresponding to the numerals shown on the dials and the hand-levergiven a full rotation. This will return the keyboard to initial positionand the dial-wheels all to zero. The machine is now in condition for thevarious operations for which it is adapted.

Adding.The sliding member 228 above the dial-plate is moved to theposition which causes the exposure of the black numerals only. The keysrepresenting one line of figures are depressed. The hand-lever is thengiven one complete revolution, the depressed keys thereby being releasedand the dials being moved to indicate the numerals corresponding to thekeys depressed. The keys corresponding with the second line of thecolumn to be added are then depressed and the hand-lever again moved arevolution, and so on until the entire column has been registered on thedial-wheels. After the keys representing the last line of the columnhave been depressed and the hand-lever rotated the dials will indicatethe total of the column. By giving the hand-lever an idle rotationwithout depressing the keys a space is left between the column and thetotal to be added thereto. The keys are then depressed to correspond tothe figures represented on the dials. The total-lever 143 is thendepressed in the direction away from the keyboard, and the hand-lever 81is given a half-revolution-that is, from the lower vertical position tothe up per vertical position. The total-lever is then pulled forward ortoward the keyboard while the balance of the revolution of thehand-lever is made. This returns the keyboard to

